At nuclear summit experts talk about strategy - and hope

Footage of a Belgian nuclear official was found in the belongings of a suspect in the militant attacks in Paris in November. Then members of a bombing ring blew themselves up Brussels, killing 35 people in a March attack, and raised fears about a future attack.

此前，去年十一月巴黎武装分子袭击案中，在一名嫌疑犯的财物中，发现了一名比利时核官员的录像。随后，布鲁塞尔就发生了自杀式连环袭击，造成35人死亡，人们对未来可能发生的袭击恐惧升级。

Specifically, security experts worry that members of the so-called Islamic State group or another militant organisation are trying to get a hold of material to make a dirty bomb, a devise that uses ordinary explosives to spread radioactive material over a large area.

具体而言，安全专家担心，所谓的伊斯兰国集团或其他恐怖组织试图获取制造脏弹的材料，这种材料通过使用普通炸药会在大范围内扩散放射性物质。

Giorgi Margvelashvili, the president of Georgia, has fought nuclear smuggling

格鲁吉亚总统，格奥尔基·马尔格韦拉什维利，一直致力于反核走私的工作

So Obama has turned to leaders such as Giorgi Margvelashvili, the president of Georgia, for help.

所以，奥巴马已经转向像格奥尔基·马尔格韦拉什维利（格鲁吉亚总统）这样的领导者寻求帮助。

They’ve gathered in hotel suites, embassy receptions and other Washington venues to talk about their efforts to combat IS and nuclear smuggling.

他们聚集在酒店套房、使馆招待处或是华盛顿其他场所，讨论如何抗争恐怖组织IS（所谓的“伊斯兰国”）以及核走私问题。

Margvelashvili is an unlikely hero in the global fight against dirty bombs.

马尔格韦拉什维利可能不是驳脏弹的全球斗争中的大英雄。

Dozens of world leaders, receiving red-carpet treatment, are attending the summit

世界各国领导人，将会踏上红地毯，参加本次核峰会

Once known for having an abundance of Soviet-era nuclear material, stashed near kindergarten classrooms, in forests and other unlikely places, Georgians have worked hard over the years to secure or eliminate the dangerous substances.

曾经的前苏联在格鲁吉亚留下了大量的核材料，这些材料被藏匿在幼儿园教室附近、森林中，以及一些不可能的地方。多年来，格鲁吉亚一直致力于消除这些危险物质，确保安全。

They managed to rid of all their highly enriched uranium, material that’s used for civilian purposes but can be repurposed to make atomic bombs.

他们设法摆脱所有的高浓缩铀，这种材料可以民用，但也可用来制造原子弹。

And with the help of US funding, they’ve made a concerted effort to stop people from transporting nuclear-bomb grade uranium and other substances across the border.

在美国资金的帮助下，他们已经作出一致努力，以阻止人们跨越边界运送能制造核弹级别的铀和其他物质。

The US state department’s Eric Lund, who works for the bureau of international security and nonproliferation, says Georgia is one of their "most effective and reliable partners" in the fight against nuclear smuggling.

美国国务院的埃里克·隆德，在国际安全和防扩散的办公室工作，他说，在反核走私上，格鲁吉亚是他们“最有效和最可靠的合作伙伴”之一。

In fact many who work for the US government have a high opinion about Georgia officials and their efforts to combat militants, especially compared to those in other countries.

事实上，很多美国政府工作者对格鲁吉亚官员以及他们在打击恐怖势力方面给予了很高的评价，特别是在与其他国家相比较之后。

When I tell a senior US official I’m going to see Margvelashvili, the American says: "Ask him: What lessons can you give to Belgium?"

当我告诉一位美国高级官员，我要去见马尔格韦拉什维利时，美国人说：“问问他: 对于比利时，你有哪些经验可以提供?”

The message is clear: Americans are pleased with what he’s done to prevent militants from obtaining dangerous substances, the kind that could be used to make a dirty bomb.

有一点是非常明确的：对于格鲁吉亚总统为防止恐怖分子获取危险材料（可用来制造脏弹）所做的努力，美国人是十分高兴的。

And they’re worried about Belgium. (US and Belgian officials are now working together to investigate the Brussels attacks, the White House’s Ben Rhodes said on Thursday.)

同时他们十分担忧比利时。 （目前，美国和比利时官员正合力调查布鲁塞尔攻击，周四白宫的本·罗兹说）。

Margvelashvili doesn’t answer the American’s question about Belgium - at least not directly. As a savvy leader of a nation in the Caucasus region, he knows better than to give unsolicited advice to Europeans.

马尔格韦拉什维利没有回答美国提出的有关于比利时的问题——至少没有直接回答。作为高加索地区的一名精明的国家领导者，他知道不要给欧洲人提出不请自来的建议。

Instead he speaks in general terms about security precautions that are needed to protect dangerous material.

相反，他只是笼统地谈到一些安全防范措施，以防范危险物质。

"That’s basically routine," he says, sitting on a couch in a seventh-floor hotel suite with windows that look onto the White House. "But it’s a very important routine."

“这些都是例行公事，”他说，此时，他坐在酒店七楼套房的沙发上，身后的窗户可以俯瞰到白宫。 “但是这些日常公事是十分重要的”。

He also talks about the "criminal" element, as he puts it. He says they’ve prosecuted 23 cases of nuclear smuggling in the last decade: "Fifty people have been arrested."

他还谈到了“犯罪”因素。他说，在过去的十年中，他们已经起诉过23所核走私案。“有50人已经被逮捕”。

He’s a serious man with thick eyebrows and military-short hair. He walks through the hotel lobby with an entourage of dark-suited men, and bodyguards sit outside the room, eating cashews, during our interview.

他是一个认真的人，浓眉，留着军人式短发。他穿过酒店大堂，身后跟着一名穿深色西装的随从以及保镖。在我们的访问期间，他坐在房外，吃着腰果。

When he recalls his early experiences in the US, though, his face softens.

当他回忆起早年在美国的经历时，虽然，他的脸变得柔和起来。

He first came to the US in 1989 or 1990, he says, a time when the Soviet Union was dissolving, and regional dynamics shifting.

他告诉我们，最初，他是1989年或1990年到美国的，那时候，苏联正在解体，地区格局正在变化。

Security is tight for the world leaders and participants at the nuclear summit

对于参加本次核峰会的各国领导人和其他与会者来说，安全十分重要

"And then to travel," he says, describing a trip he made to Massachusetts. He smiles.

“之后是去旅行，”他笑着描述了马萨诸塞州的旅行。

This week, though, he’s here to talk about dirty bombs. Nuclear experts at the summit say they’re unsure why militants haven’t already used one.

不过，这一周，他在这里是为了讨论脏弹问题。峰会上的核专家说，他们无法确定那些恐怖分子为何还没有使用脏弹。

"It can’t be there’s a technical challenge," says Harvard’s Gary Samore, a former nuclear adviser to Obama.

“这不可能是技术上的问题，”哈佛大学的加里·萨莫尔说，他是奥巴马前核顾问。

Samore says a dirty bomb is relatively easy to make if you have the materials. Still it wouldn’t kill a lot of people - at first. Instead it would contaminate an area and cause cancer.

萨莫尔说，如果拿到了材料，脏弹是很容易制成的。它不会造成大量的人员死亡，而是会污染一个地区，导致癌症。

"It’s nothing like the immediate effect of a suicide vest in a crowded airport," he says, wondering aloud if that’s the reason militants haven’t used dirty bombs.

“这完全不像是在人来人往的机场的自杀式袭击，不会产生立竿见影的效果，”他说，猜想是否这就是那些恐怖分子还未使用脏弹的原因。

He’s chatting with others in a high-ceilinged foyer at the Australian embassy. It’s a nuclear cocktail party with Gin Fissiles and Manhattan Projects (whiskey and sweet vermouth).

在澳大利亚大使馆的宽敞大厅里，他正在和他人谈论着。这是一场核鸡尾酒会，酒会上可见威士忌和甜苦艾酒。

Aside from radioactive waste, guests talk about a film, The Bomb, that’ll be shown in New York in April.

除了放射性废物，宾客们还谈论了四月即将在纽约上映的电影《炸弹》。

One nuclear-policy expert, standing nearby, sips a glass of water. "Gotta stay sober," she tells me.

一个核政策专家，站在不远处，正喝着水。 “我得保持清醒，”她告诉我。

Drinking strong coffee in his hotel suite, Margvelashvili says an international effort is needed to fight nuclear smuggling. "One country alone cannot deal with this," he says.

一边在酒店房间里喝着浓咖啡，马尔格韦拉什维利一边说，打击核走私需要国际的共同努力。 “单独一个国家是无法处理这种情况的，”他说。

Others at the summit, including nuclear-policy experts who’ve gathered in a nearby hotel, agree that world leaders have to work together to combat the militants.

峰会上的其他人，包括已经聚集在附近一家酒店的核政策专家，都一致表示世界各国领导人必须共同努力，打击武装分子。

"The only way to stop them is to have really good nuclear security - and the strictest controls," says Patricia Lewis, a researcher director at Chatham House.

“最好的阻止方式就是拥有有效的核安全措施，并对此施以最严格的控制，” 查塔姆研究所主任研究员帕特里夏·刘易斯说。

She adds, with a laugh: "And to hope."

她笑着补充：“希望会实现”。

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来源:BBC爱语吧作者:文凤